Seeds of Parkia biglobosa, also called African locust bean seeds (ALBSs), are used to produce a condiment by subjecting them to cooking, alkaline fermentation, and drying. The objective of this work was to monitor the evolution of the composition of ALBS during spontaneous fermentation. Results showed that the seeds at initial time contained mainly proteins (45%) and lipids (36%). During fermentation, the conversion of this initial composition took place to produce ammonium, free amino acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that accounted for 2%, 10%, and 1.5% dry basis, respectively, which explains the typical flavor of fermented ALBS. This release was also concomitant with biogenic amine production. Along with ammonium and SCFA release, pyrazines were the major volatile organic compounds. Composition modulation was well represented by a Verhulst equation in which the dynamic could be modified by the initial composition of the seed, the pre-cooking step, and the fermentation conditions (temperature and aeration).